Medicines, shaken and stirred: a critical review on the ecotoxicology of pharmaceutical mixtures
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Medicines, shaken and stirred: a critical review on the ecotoxicology of pharmaceutical mixtures.
Analytical monitoring surveys routinely confirm that organisms in the environment are exposed to complex multi-component pharmaceutical mixtures. We are hence tasked with the challenge to take this into consideration when investigating the ecotoxicology of pharmaceuticals. This review first provides a brief overview of the fundamental approaches for mixture toxicity assessment, which is then fo...
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Low levels of human medicines (pharmaceuticals) have been detected in many countries in sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents, surface waters, seawaters, groundwater and some drinking waters. For some pharmaceuticals effects on aquatic organisms have been investigated in acute toxicity assays. The chronic toxicity and potential subtle effects are only marginally known, however. Here, we critic...
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Anxiety disorders are amongst the most popular diseases which interfere with normal life. Benzodiazepines are used as a first line of treatment, but difficulties with pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders such as dependence and low response rate, encourage researchers to find new approaches. From the past, the role of medicinal plants have been a subject of intense interest. In this respect, Ci...
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BACKGROUND Moderate consumption of alcoholic drinks seems to reduce the risks of developing cardiovascular disease, stroke, and cataracts, perhaps through antioxidant actions of their alcohol, flavonoid, or polyphenol contents. "Shaken, not stirred" routinely identifies the way the famous secret agent James Bond requires his martinis. OBJECTIVES As Mr Bond is not afflicted by cataracts or car...
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The present study was conducted to introduce and review the book titled "Rotifers: Aquaculture, Ecology, Gerontology, and Ecotoxicology". This book shows the latest advances in rotifers studies in various fields, including aquaculture, ecology, gerontology, and ecotoxicology. In the book, various subjects has been studied, including speciation in the Brachionus plicatilis species complex, mass ...
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